Prevent Heat Emergencies

The heat waves that roll in during the summer months can pose risks of health-related illnesses. In conditions of extreme heat and high humidity, the body’s natural cooling process is slowed, and it has to work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature. When the body can’t maintain a normal temperature, the risk of heat-related illnesses increases.

By taking care of your body before, during and after exposure to high temperatures, you can reduce your risk of heat illness.

Before Exposure to High Temperatures 

Maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating well, exercising and getting plenty of sleep. Check weather reports frequently and avoid strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day. Make sure you turn your air conditioners on during heat waves and always have a water bottle on hand to stay hydrated.

Know the Symptoms

Extreme heat can bring on a variety of heat-related illnesses. Learn to recognize the symptoms of these illnesses and seek medical attention if you or someone else is experiencing them.

Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms, usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs, that may occur in association with strenuous activity. Heat cramps are often an early sign that the body is having trouble with the heat.

Heat exhaustion can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid intake. The warning signs of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, paleness, muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting and fainting.

Heat stroke (sun stroke) is the most serious heat-related illness and a life-threatening condition. Warning signs of heat stroke may include: an extremely high body temperature (above 103°F), red, hot and dry skin (no sweating), rapid or strong pulse, throbbing headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion and unconsciousness.

Handling the Heat

Safety tips for surviving extreme heat with humidity:

• Never leave people or pets in the car: Even with the windows cracked, temperatures can rise to dangerous levels quickly. On an 80 degree day, a car can reach 116 degrees in just 16 minutes.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water even when you’re not thirsty and eating foods like fruits and vegetables will help your body remain hydrated. Avoid drinking alcoholic or caffeinated beverages.
• Protect your body: Stay inside during the hottest parts of the day, wear lightweight clothing and use sunscreen when going outside. Rest in cool places after heat exposure.
• Watch for heat-related illnesses: If you suspect someone is suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke, seek medical attention immediately.
• Check on friends and family: The elderly, sick and disabled may be extra sensitive to extreme heat exposure. Check on them to make sure they are staying cool and hydrated.

Cooling Down

After being in the heat for several hours you should rest in a cool, air conditioned area, being sure to replenish your fluids and monitor for symptoms of heat injury.